Loudness penalty debunked
When it comes to streaming platforms, is the "loudness penalty" everyone talks about actually a real thing? We'd like to clarify this idea for all the confused producers out there, plus help you get your tracks at the right levels with LANDR Mastering.
Loudness penalty explained
So, when people say that streaming services like Spotify and Apple Music have a "loudness penalty," what do they mean?
Streaming platforms need to make sure that the music they host is consistent in loudness from one song to the other. In order to do this, a platform will make automated adjustments to a song's loudness. This loudness is measured in LUFS, or Loudness Units (relative to) Full Scale. Spotify, for instance, adjusts songs to -14 dB LUFS to ensure consistency across the platform.
A song may be quieter or louder on streaming platforms than it was when mastering, but this depends on many factors, and it ultimately won't make or break your music.
Rethinking the loudness penalty
The term "loudness penalty" has led many artists to believe that their music should be mastered to match the preferred LUFS values of streaming platforms. We want to debunk this idea because it isn't really true. It's also not helpful for finishing and mastering your music.
Since these LUFS values are chosen by streaming platforms, they're technically broadcast standards, not production standards. The most important goal when mixing and mastering your music is for it to sound good to you and your audience.
If you want it to sound polished and professional in any playback situation, then it's essential to learn good mixing skills and get your mastering right.
Hear the difference
Before and after Spotify normalization
"Press Play" by Wake the Wild
Forget the loudness penalty, develop your skills
Leave enough headroom
When mixing, keep your peaks well below 0 dBFS to avoid distortion or excessive limiting before mastering. A safe target is to leave 3 to 6 dB of headroom on your stereo mix bus. This leaves room to breathe for mastering and keeps dynamics intact. Do not obsess over the exact LUFS value at this stage, just focus on creating a clean, balanced mix without clipping. When your music reaches the mastering process, there will be space to enhance loudness and tonal balance without compromising the integrity of your track.
Use reference tracks
Reference tracks are a powerful tool for achieving competitive sound without chasing LUFS numbers. Choose well-mixed, well-mastered songs in your genre and compare your mix’s tonal balance, stereo image, and energy. LANDR Mastering allows you to upload a reference track to guide the mastering engine toward your target sound. By referencing great-sounding music, you naturally calibrate your mix toward a pleasing result that works well on streaming platforms without worrying about platform-specific loudness normalization.
Balance dynamics and tone
A great-sounding track is about more than volume. It is about energy, movement, and tonal clarity. Use EQ, compression, and automation to shape your mix so that every element has its space and the music feels alive. Over-compressing to compete in loudness will rob your track of impact, while a dynamic mix will sound better across different playback systems and feel more engaging. Streaming services normalize perceived loudness, so punch, clarity, and vibe matter more than raw LUFS numbers.
Check your mix on different systems
Streaming platforms are not the only playback environment you are mixing for. Test your mix on headphones, small speakers, car stereos, and even your phone to make sure your balances translate well. This habit reveals frequency build-ups, buried vocals, or harshness that might not be obvious in your studio setup. If your mix sounds good everywhere, it will hold up under streaming normalization and you will not need to second-guess your loudness.
Use a LUFS meter (sometimes)
You do not need to match LUFS targets exactly, but a LUFS meter can help you preview how your track might be affected by streaming normalization. Measure your integrated LUFS after mixing or mastering to see if you are in a typical range, which is often around -14 LUFS for many platforms. This is only a reference point and not a strict goal. Use it as one of many tools in your process rather than the deciding factor. Your ears and creative intent should always come first.
Get the mastering stage right
Mastering is where your track receives its final polish by shaping tone, enhancing loudness, and preparing it for release. Skipping or rushing this stage is one of the fastest ways to lose quality, regardless of LUFS. The right mastering process will make your music sound great across all platforms and systems, no matter how they handle normalization. LANDR Mastering can deliver professional-grade results in minutes and offers tools like reference-based mastering to align with your vision.
Mastering made easy
1. Prepare track for mastering
The LANDR Library is a centralized hub for all of your music in the LANDR ecosystem. When you add an unmastered track to your library, you'll be able to click the "Master" button in the right column at any time to prepare a mastering preview of the track.
2. Select your settings
Once the preview is ready, you can hear what your master will sound like while comparing different settings. With the "Reference" feature, you can upload any track with the loudness you're aiming for and LANDR's mastering engine will use it as a target.
3. Your master is ready
Once you select your desire settings and confirm, LANDR will work its magic on your track. Once processing is complete, the mastered version of your track will be added to your library and will be marked "Master." Then it's time for release!
FAQ: Loudness penalty debunked
FAQ: Loudness penalty debunked
What is the loudness penalty?
The "loudness penalty" is a term that people often use to refer to the automated adjustments that streaming platforms make to the loudness levels of music. Platforms do this to ensure that users can listen to music without drastic changes in volume from one song to the next. The process of adjusting loudness to fit a specified value is called "loudness normalization."
Will streaming platforms penalize me if my music is too loud or too quiet?
The "loudness penalty" isn't really a penalty. It's simply an automated adjustment to loudness levels that is necessary to keep audio volume consistent across a platform. If your music is significantly louder or quieter than the platform's target loudness level, it may have a different loudness level on the platform compared to how you heard it when exporting and mastering. However, the difference isn't always significant, and it's not a factor that should override your creative or technical decisions when creating, mixing, and mastering your music.
What are the LUFS levels for streaming platforms?
Most platforms determine their loudness normalization targets with a measurement standard called "LUFS," which stands for "Loudness Units (relative to) Full Scale. Here are some examples of the LUFS values that major platforms normalize music to:
Spotify: -14 dB LUFS
YouTube: -14 dB LUFS
Apple Music: -16 dB LUFS
How do I get the right loudness level for my music?
The “right” loudness is less about hitting a specific LUFS number and more about making your track sound balanced, dynamic, and engaging. Focus on good mixing practices like leaving headroom, using reference tracks, and checking your mix on different systems. At the mastering stage, aim for a professional, well-shaped sound that translates well across platforms. Streaming services normalize playback volume, so prioritizing clarity, punch, and tone will give you a better result than chasing a fixed loudness target.
Why is my song quieter on Spotify?
Spotify uses loudness normalization (sometimes called a "loudness penalty") to make all songs play back at a similar perceived volume. If your master is louder than their target level, Spotify will turn it down. If it is quieter, Spotify may turn it up slightly, but only within certain limits. This is not a sign that your track is “wrong” or needs to be mastered to a specific LUFS number. The best way to ensure your song sounds great is to focus on a balanced, dynamic mix and a quality master that translates well across all playback systems.
Finalize your music for streaming with LANDR Mastering
The world first and best intelligent mastering engine, ready to give your music a powerful and professional sound in seconds.
